Learning how to think, step 2
First of all, I would like to give a definition of what thinking is. For me, the most convenient way to define thinking is to view it as a gradual and conscious approach of beliefs and interpretations to the truth.
Here we are immediately faced with a question: what is truth? Countless philosophers and thinkers battled with this problem, and as a simple man I prefer a simple statement proposed by Philip Dick:
"Reality is that which, when you stop believing in it, doesn't go away."
In a similar manner, I state that truth is something that is not affected by my beliefs and interpretations. If water is wet then it does not matter what I think about water, it still will be wet. See also Litany of Tarski.
Let's say I believe that making sacrifices to Zeus would improve the chance of rain. I diligently make my sacrifices, and I'm happy when rain arrives. If there is no rain, I could say sacrifices were insufficient, or I somehow angered Zeus, or he is distracted by quarrels with Hera.
The truth here is that the weather would stay the same regardless of my sacrifices. But I cannot notice that if I don't check what happens if I don't make any sacrifices! Therefore I need to try different actions and compare their outcomes if I want to come closer to the truth. Data collection and analysis are essential parts of good thinking!
Such an example shows me that to think better I would need to:
be ready to call into question some specific belief or interpretation
adjust my beliefs, expectations, and interpretations every time something unexpected happens
notice when I’m confused or don’t understand something clearly
try to explain my observations in some other way than is commonly established in my mind
actively seek problems and situations where I can verify my beliefs with some unplanned, unaccustomed action
review other people's experiences and use it as a source of data
Another important quality of thinking is that it is a gradual process, a gradual approach to the truth. No one can instantly and consciously change their beliefs, especially in the area where other beliefs are already firmly established.
I was about to write another portion about this gradual nature of belief changes but I've realized that this is a separate and complex topic that needs yet more thinking and research from my side. Let's put it off until next time!